The Nature of Addiction
If opium were the only drug of abuse, and the only kind of abuse were one of its compulsive use, discussion of addiction might be a simple matter. But opium is not the only drug of abuse. So many substances are used in so many different ways by so many different people for so many different purposes that no one view or one definition can possibly embrace all the medical, psychiatric, psychological, sociological, cultural, economic, religious, ethical, and legal considerations that have an important bearing on addiction. The tradition of equating drug abuse with narcotic addiction originally did have some basis in fact. Until recent times, questions of addiction centered on the misuse of opiates, the various concoctions prepared from powdered opium. Then various alkaloids of opium, such as morphine and heroin, were isolated and introduced into use. Being the more active principles of opium, their addictions were simply more severe. More recently, new drugs such as methadone and Demerol ...