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The History of Gladiators

Adopted from the earlier Etruscans, probably by way of Campania, gladiatorial combats were originally a funeral rite introduced to Rome in 264 BC by the sons of Junius Brutus. In 46 BC Julius Caesar commemorated the death of his daughter Julia with elaborate games and in 65 BC he honoured his father in a similar way. The ritual eventually lost much of its religious significance and by the end of AD 200, as aristocratic funerals increasingly became political acts, gladiatorial matches became the province of the emperors, who presented them as enactment of their own power and prestige. Most gladiators were either prisoners of war, slaves bought for the purpose, or criminals sentenced to serve in the games and the odds of these professional gladiator being killed in any particular bout were about one in ten. Some gladiators were criminals condemned to die in the ring and these had no chance of survival. It was they who declared 'Ave, imperator, morituri te salutant!' before battle...

The Nature of Addiction

If opium were the only drug of abuse, and the only kind of abuse were one of its compulsive use, discussion of addiction might be a simple matter. But opium is not the only drug of abuse. So many substances are used in so many different ways by so many different people for so many different purposes that no one view or one definition can possibly embrace all the medical, psychiatric, psychological, sociological, cultural, economic, religious, ethical, and legal considerations that have an important bearing on addiction. The tradition of equating drug abuse with narcotic addiction originally did have some basis in fact. Until recent times, questions of addiction centered on the misuse of opiates, the various concoctions prepared from powdered opium. Then various alkaloids of opium, such as morphine and heroin, were isolated and introduced into use. Being the more active principles of opium, their addictions were simply more severe. More recently, new drugs such as methadone and Demerol ...

A Guide to US Special Forces

US Air Force Special Operations Command Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC) was created originally out of an Air Corps unit that supported a guerrilla force harassing the Japanese in Burma in early 1943. This large force has been consistently active since in South america, Asia and the Middle East. Alongside it's active and reserve units, it is responsible for the US Air Force Special Operations School and the Special Missions Operational Test & Evaluation Center. It also includes the Special Tactics Groups, a unit that incorporates the US Air Force Combat Controllers and Pararescue Jumpers into an integrated force that supports all the various other US Special Forces units. Army US Rangers A rapid deployment combat force. They provide the US Army with a fighting unit that can be moved to anywhere in the world in 18 hours. Specialists in rapid infantry assaults as well as some special operations into varied terrain and climates. The name originated in the British arm...

Narcotics Dictionary

Abe - $5 worth of drugs Abolic - veterinary steroid Acapulco gold - marijuana from S.W.Mexico Acapulco red - marijuana Ace - marijuana or PCP Acid - LSD Acid cube - sugar cube containing LSD Acid freak - heavy user of LSD Acid head - LSD user AD - PCP Adam - MDMA African black - marijuana African bush - marijuana African woodbine - marijuana cigarette Agonies - withdrawal symptoms Ah-pen-yen - opium Aimies - amphetamine; amyl nitrite AIP - heroin from Afghanistan, Iran, & Pakistan Air blast - inhalant Airhead - marijuana user Airplane - marijuana Alice B. Toklas - marijuana brownie All lit up - under the influence of drugs All star - user of multiple drugs All-American drug - cocaine Alpha-ET - alpha-ethyltyptamine Ames - amyl nitrite Amidone - methadone Amoeba - PCP Amp - amphetamine Amp joint - marijuana cigarette laced with some form of narcotic Amped-out - fatigue after using amphetamines Amping - accelerated heartbeat AMT - dimethyltryptamine ...